Http:\/\/media.csosa.gov<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\nLen Sipes:\u00a0 From the nation’s capital this is DC Public Safety.\u00a0 I’m your host Leonard Sipes.\u00a0 Today’s show is on advanced practices in parole and probation.\u00a0 Our guest is Professor Faye Taxman of the George Mason University.\u00a0 Faye created a document titled Advancing Practice.\u00a0 Advancing Practice is a newsletter created by a center at George Mason University focusing on what works; and in this case, offender reentry.\u00a0 Faye’s a nationally known expert on evidence-based practices in the criminal justice system.\u00a0 Faye, welcome to DC Public Safety.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 Hi Len.\u00a0 How are you?\u00a0 Thanks for having me today.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Faye, it’s wonderful to have you.\u00a0 I’ve known you for decades.\u00a0 I’ve known your work in terms of offender reentry.\u00a0 You’ve been a staunch advocate and a person really, really focused on evidence-based practices.\u00a0 So I’m honored to have you today.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 Thank you, Len.\u00a0 I’m honored to be here and share some information about what works, what doesn’t work, and what we need to do to implement better quality programs and services.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Okay.\u00a0 What I want to do is start off with a recent quote by Joan Petersilia.\u00a0 She’s a criminologist as you well know, Stanford Law, who stated at a recent National Institute of Justice Conference that we’ve got to stop overselling community corrections and under delivering.\u00a0 Yet the evidence, as you’ve stated in your newsletter, as to residential treatments, substance abuse treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy and other modalities seems to be encouraging.\u00a0 So where are we in terms of evidence-based practices?\u00a0 What can we say to mayors and governors and people who run counties or people who run criminal justice organizations?\u00a0 What can we say to them regarding where we are in terms of our knowledge of advanced parole and probation practices?<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 Well Len, this is a critical area.\u00a0 Right now we have seen a period of time for the last 30 years where we have depended upon incarceration-based practices, locking people up in prisons and jails as a way of managing the offender population.\u00a0 And we’ve learned that that’s very expensive.\u00a0 And not only that, it actually helps to create people to be more criminals, and more criminal genic.\u00a0 So people are turning to community corrections.\u00a0 So while the science tells us the sort of what we should do, the real heart of the problem is that the average community corrections agency today is catching up to put in place what’s out there in science.\u00a0 So like Dr. Petersilia said in her address of NIJ, we need to be realistic because for 30 years we have not invested in these community corrections agencies very much so they could deliver effective programs and services to reduce offending behavior.\u00a0 They have the capacity and we have the tools out there, but we need to put them in place.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Well that’s the first question, if we had the tools, if we had the capacity.\u00a0 One example is that the average parole and probation agency in this country operates with huge caseloads — 150 to one is conservative in some cases.\u00a0 I know of some jurisdictions that are doing 200 and more for every parole and probation agent.\u00a0 That’s almost impossible to be effective when you’re supervising 200 offenders to one parole and probation agent.\u00a0 So obviously we need to bring caseloads down.\u00a0 But if we did all of this, if we reduced the case loads, if we implemented evidence-based practices, what would happen in terms of recidivism?\u00a0 And what would happen in terms of the fiscal burden as to the states?<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 So if we implemented \u2026 and there’s a short cadre of things that we need to implement and we can talk about those in a second.\u00a0 To answer your question, if we implemented, we could realistically reduce recidivism rates around 30% for a moderate to high risk offenders.\u00a0 Those are the people that we’re mostly concerned about.\u00a0 And we could do that in terms of the likelihood of the person ever going to prison and jail.\u00a0 So we have a great potential out there if we can put in place the proper tools for the average probation agency.\u00a0 So like you said it’s not rocket science to think that a person can manage 150-200 people effectively.\u00a0 We need to figure out ways to reduce case load size.\u00a0 And there are tools available.\u00a0 For example, there’s the risk needs instruments that are highly promoted as part of the evidence-based practices model.\u00a0 Now what we know from that risk needs is that we really need to manage people differently.\u00a0 So if you have someone that has a shorter criminal career and they’re pretty stable in the community.\u00a0 They have jobs.\u00a0 They have a decent place to live.\u00a0 They have a high school education.\u00a0 These are people that we should supervise less or even better, we should think of alternative sentences for that population, like fines.\u00a0 Fining people or good community service projects where they have to pay back the community for the harm that they did from the crimes that they did.\u00a0 Those people are less likely to ever really reenter the criminal justice system.\u00a0 But they need appropriate punishment to be able to make amends for their behavior in society. If we did that, we could get rid of 30% of the population on the average parole, probation officer’s case load.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 I want to go back to that 30% reduction.\u00a0 One of the things I want to do before you continue is to give out the website and the fact that you’ve recently wrote a book, Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices, and also to give out the website www.gmuace.org, www.gmuace.org.\u00a0 If we’re talking about Faye, 30% reductions, a lot of people just don’t quite understand.\u00a0 Well you’re talking about 30% fewer criminal victimizations.\u00a0 We are talking about 30% fewer people coming back to the correctional system.\u00a0 We are talking about saving literally if we did this on a national basis with 700,000 people leaving our prisons every year, if you’re talking about 30% of that 700,000, you are talking about literally saving the states hundreds of millions of dollars.\u00a0 So with all of that on the table, with all that knowledge, with the potential that we could save 30%, why aren’t we doing it?<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 Well I wouldn’t say we aren’t doing it.\u00a0 Like I said, we’re catching up.\u00a0 So we’ve had a period of time where we only invested mostly in prisons and jails in this country.\u00a0 And probation and parole just sort of pitter, pattered along.\u00a0 I don’t mean that in a way \u2026 they didn’t have the resources.\u00a0 So places like California now, California is giving local probation agencies more resources to manage the population.\u00a0 They’re helping those organizations adopt evidence-based practices.\u00a0 They’re putting in place risk and need tools.\u00a0 They’re looking at what types of services that will reduce recidivism.\u00a0 Should they be offering in their system?\u00a0 They’re looking at issues related to: how do you manage the offender population when people aren’t doing well?\u00a0 What do we need to do?\u00a0 Should we be sending them back to prison?\u00a0 The available research says, sending them back to prison doesn’t do much good.\u00a0 If we put people in residential treatment programs in the community, provided them with opportunities to learn employment skills \u2026 although the research around that is less promising \u2026 but we would be able to basically reduce the re-incarceration rate.\u00a0 So I think the answer is Len, that where we are today is we are catching up.\u00a0 The public wants us to catch up overnight, but these are large organizations that we really have to be able to figure out.\u00a0 How do you deal with this existing case load?\u00a0 How do you deal with offenders that are out there?\u00a0 And how do we build our service delivery system?\u00a0 A couple years ago we did a national survey of probation and parole, prisons, jails in the United States.\u00a0 And we know that the offender population has a high demand for drug abuse.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Right.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 They’re four times more prevalent to have drug addiction than the general population.\u00a0 But any given day our survey four years ago basically told us that less than ten percent of the offender population could get into a treatment program, ten percent.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Well I guess that’s my point.\u00a0 Faye, my point is somewhere along the line it’s show me the money, is it not?\u00a0 There’s a certain point when we’re talking to mayors, when we’re talking to aides to mayors, when we’re talking to aides to Congressional people on Capitol Hill, you have to look at that dichotomy that 80% of the people in the criminal justice system have a history of substance abuse.\u00a0 And yet when you’re incarcerated, only ten percent are getting treatment.\u00a0 That’s a gap.\u00a0 That’s not a short gap, that’s a huge gap.\u00a0 So how do we convince people?\u00a0 How do we convince people that you know what we can reduce recidivism dramatically.\u00a0 We can save you a ton of money.\u00a0 We can do a lot of different things differently within the criminal justice system.\u00a0 How do we convince people of that?<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 Well that’s why I think some of the national initiatives called justice reinvestment, where people are looking, states are looking at taking funds from prisons and jails and putting them in community corrections.\u00a0 Although those initiatives haven’t focused right now on expanding services, but that’s where they need to go.\u00a0 They really need to focus on what services do we need in the community.\u00a0 And the things we know that we need that we don’t have is sufficient substance abuse treatment services.\u00a0 We don’t have enough mental health services to help people who are having difficulty stabilizing.\u00a0 We don’t have enough housing for people who have been incarcerated for years and it’s more difficult to find a place to live.\u00a0 So there’s some basic elements.\u00a0 But these justice reinvestment efforts have basically acknowledged that we have to transfer the funds back to the community.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 And explain that.\u00a0 Explain what justice reinvestment is.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 So in a simple way justice reinvestment is saying if we want to decrease the number of people in prison, then we need to basically provide the same amount of money that we would provide for if they needed a certain type of service in the community.\u00a0 So if we reduce a prison in a state by 1000 people, we could take half of those funds that the prison would have needed to operate and put in those communities where those offenders are reached.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 All right, we take those savings and we put them back into the parole and probation system of the community correction system?<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 Exactly.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Okay.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 A portion of those savings.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 All right.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 But we need to focus on that issue, back to where people go to.\u00a0 You can’t distribute them all over the state; you need to put them back in the community.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Where most of the people are coming from.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 Right.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Yeah.\u00a0 If we are saying, “Look I can take your intake, your yearly prison intake,\u201d and just for kicks and jollies let’s just say 1,000, but far more than that \u2026 it’s like 7,000, 12,000, some states 25-30,000 \u2026 but let’s just take 1,000.\u00a0 And I’m saying to you, \u201cI can reduce that 1,000 by 300.\u00a0 And I can reduce your expenditures by over the course of time $32 million.\u00a0 So what we’re asking for is you take half of that, that $15 million and put it back in these programs that can help offenders stay out of prison.”<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 Right.\u00a0 You put them back in the community treatment programs.\u00a0 So you build the infrastructure of those programs.\u00a0 And ultimately what we want is to have enough support in those communities that people don’t need to be involved in the justice system.\u00a0 They start realizing they can go to their community treatment centers.\u00a0 That’s one of the techniques we’re going to have to really focus on.\u00a0 We need to develop within these communities’ strongholds of care so that when people have difficulties, life difficulties; they have a place to go that does not involve the justice system.\u00a0 Now there is no reason that someone who has a drug problem should be in the justice system.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Or a mental health problem.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 Yeah, or a mental health problem.\u00a0 There’s no reason if someone didn’t finish high school that they shouldn’t be able to go to their community college and get adult education.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Faye, what do you think is the most important component of all this?\u00a0 Okay, so you’re talking to somebody, a mayor, an aide to the mayor of Milwaukee right now is listening to this program.\u00a0 What would you tell him or her is the two or three most important first steps?\u00a0 And then we’ll go into the break halfway through the program.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 So the first important steps in terms of building their communities or in terms of correcting probation?<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 In terms of improving their parole and probation, their community supervision apparatus.\u00a0 Keeping people from going back to the prison system, keeping people from committing additional crimes.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 Right.\u00a0 So the three things \u2026 I’d go for three \u2026 the three that I would do is first of all, I would drug test people on a routine basis.\u00a0 Because what we know is if you drug test people, only the people who are \u2026 mostly the people who are addicts \u2026 can’t clean up by themselves.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Right.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 So if you put \u2026 and it’s a low cost technology \u2026 so you basically use that as a means to help identify who is your drug-dependent population.\u00a0 For those people who are drug dependent, you want to basically escort them right into treatment services –<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Right.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 and the treatment needs to be cognitive behavioral therapy.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 What does that mean?\u00a0 Cognitive behavioral therapy means what?<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 Cognitive-based therapy is a type of treatment that focuses in on people\u2019s behaviors and their thinking patterns.\u00a0 So you’re basically trying to help people relearn how to become \u2026 retrain their brain so that they can function without drugs.\u00a0 I should also mention that if we have people who have opioid dependent problems, like heroin abusers, we have a cadre of medications that we should be using for that population.\u00a0 They go from methadone to buprenorphine to Vivitrol, which is a long-acting drug.\u00a0 And we should really be integrating good health care into the care of people who have drug dependency.\u00a0 Because that’s going to accelerate their productivity and their lack of involvement in the justice system.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Before you get to your third point, I’m going to reintroduce you because we’re more than halfway through the program.\u00a0 Ladies and gentlemen, our guest today is Faye Taxman, Professor Taxman of the George Mason University.\u00a0 They have advanced practices newsletter of a center that they have created to take a look at advanced practices.\u00a0 Faye, is it just advanced practices in terms of reentry, offender reentry, or advanced practices in the criminal justice system across the board?<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 So we developed this newsletter, The Center for Advancing Correctional Excellence, focused on improving better uptake of evidence-based practices to deal with learning about new practices that are effective, looking at how best to implement effective practices and particularly the evidence-based practices.\u00a0 And then, a key issue is sustainability.\u00a0 Our last edition was on reentry.\u00a0 We focused on different aspects of reentry.\u00a0 This summer in about a month, we will have a new edition focused on implementation.\u00a0 How do you do it?\u00a0 How do you make it work better?\u00a0 All those critical issues.\u00a0 That particular issue, Len \u2026 just let me \u2026 Steve Belenko from Temple University and myself just finished a book on implementation published by Springer and we have a lot of key tips there on how to improve that process.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 And that’s Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices, the website www.gmuace.org, www.gmuace.org.\u00a0 Faye, I cut you off in terms of your third overriding communications objective as we in the public relations profession like to say, in terms of the three top things that you would advise the aide to the mayor of Milwaukee to tell the mayor of Milwaukee.\u00a0 And the third would be what?<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 And the third would be incentivize your workforce, the probation and parole officers, because they’re dealing with a difficult population.\u00a0 They’re good staff.\u00a0 They really want to help public safety in their communities.\u00a0 But for the last 30 years they’ve been daunted by these unbelievable case loads.\u00a0 And so now we need to incentivize people to really learn and practice some of the evidence-based practices.\u00a0 What we’ve learned on that end, Len, and it’s that basically that we can train probation and parole officers to use what in the therapy literature is called motivational interviewing, motivational enhancement technique, to break through some of the criminal dynamic subcultures that offender populations practice.\u00a0 So we have a workforce, probation and parole officers that we’re not using effectively.\u00a0 And these are good people who work hard every day at their job.\u00a0 And they need support by their mayors, by their governors, by the directors of their agency to be able to really be effective in terms of turning around people’s lives.\u00a0 And we have scientific evidence.\u00a0 We did a randomized control trial in Maryland that was published in 2008 that showed that if officers used these particular practices, we could reduce the odds of recidivism by 40%.\u00a0 There’s some recent literature coming out of federal probation where they also are using a model that they’re calling [PH] Stars that shows significant reductions in recidivism by officers that practice this.\u00a0 We have evidence in Scotland and Canada.\u00a0 So around the world there is growing evidence that if you want parole and probation officers to be effective, they shouldn’t subscribe to merely an enforcement compliance process.\u00a0 They need to manage the offender behavior.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 And we’ve interviewed – We’ve interviewed a lot of people from all over the country.\u00a0 And we’re about to start interviewing people from around the world who have been able to document fairly substantial reductions in recidivism.\u00a0 But I’ll go back to the \u2026 I’ll be the devil’s advocate here \u2026 and I’ll go back to the main point.\u00a0 The great majority of people that I talk to throughout the country are basically saying, “Leonard, we don’t have the money.\u00a0 We’re in cutback mode.\u00a0 We’ve been in cutback mode for well over a decade.\u00a0 The money is not there to reduce case loads.\u00a0 The money is not there to put drug treatment and mental health treatment on the table.\u00a0 We may substantially, substantially reduce our case loads by putting maybe 50% \u2026 or some jurisdictions that are putting 60% and higher into caseloads where they’re being supervised administratively or other methods like kiosks in New York City for probationers, so they can focus on high risk offenders.”\u00a0 But states and counties are saying we don’t have the money.\u00a0 Am I wrong?<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 No.\u00a0 It depends on what you mean by, “We don’t have the money.”\u00a0 I think most places start out with, “We can’t do this.”\u00a0 But if we look at the flip side, there are steps you can take to move in that direction.\u00a0 So one step you take is I identified retooling the workforce as a major issue.\u00a0 Well there are resources available that organizations can use.\u00a0 And one of my pet peeves is almost every corrections agency every year mandates that their staff have training.\u00a0 So if you could designate that annual training for the next two years to focus on evidence-based practices so that you’re tooling the line officers to be able to do this, you’re just reallocating your existing money to do better good.\u00a0 And there are tools that are available.\u00a0 We have a tool for example with funding from the Bureau of Justice Assistance called SOARING, which is an online system to really help officers learn how to do evidence-based practices.\u00a0 That tool is currently \u2026 we’re about ready to implement it in five jurisdictions across the U.S.\u00a0 But it’s an online tool.\u00a0 And it’s something that organizations can use to really begin that retooling.\u00a0 The National Institute of Corrections has many online tools that are available at no cost.\u00a0 So it’s about priorities of these organizations.\u00a0 And that’s a big step in implementation.\u00a0 One key element in implementation is the leadership has to embrace that it’s important to move in this direction.\u00a0 And that means that leaders, even when money is tight, have to begin to say, “We need to make small shifts in a direction to reinforce to our workforce that the work they do is important and there’s techniques they’re going to have to use to make it even more important.\u00a0 So a leader that is caught in this fiscal crisis can begin to look at how do I train my staff more efficiently?\u00a0 What do I need to do?\u00a0 And there’s dragon’s out there.\u00a0 And there’s like I said there’s products out there that aren’t that costly that can really make a huge difference.\u00a0 That’s one issue.\u00a0 The vacuum in mental health and substance abuse treatment services, that’s going to take a little time for us to fill that unmet need.\u00a0 But there is a system there.\u00a0 So probation and parole, mayors, probation and parole officials, mayors, governors should be talking to the head of their substance abuse system to say, “You need to reallocate your services.”\u00a0 Because that’s a workforce officer that has an evidence-based field and that they really need retooling also to better deliver services.\u00a0 For example, a lot of services in this country are what are called substance abuse education services.\u00a0 We know from the scientific literature that we could do a lot better if those were converted to be more cognitive or behavioral therapy.\u00a0 If you have an existing workforce, you can train them to do that.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 The bottom line in all –<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 The bottom is leadership and commitment to adopting the [PH] science.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 And the fact is that anybody who’s interested in this, anybody who’s interested in doing it better, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice put out a new what works website in terms of the evidence that is there.\u00a0 They are about to start a consulting desk where people can call and gain additional information.\u00a0 You have –<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 OJP has crime solutions.\u00a0 You can go to our website at the Center for Advancing Correctional Excellence at George Mason University.\u00a0 And we have tips.\u00a0 People can send us questions.\u00a0 We have a question and answer.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 There you go.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 Every week I answer one or two.\u00a0 I’m happy to answer more questions.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 The point is is that there’s assistance there for people who want to learn more about this concept.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 Right.\u00a0 And so Joan’s point that we started out this conversation is that we have to stop overselling.\u00a0 And what I think her point mainly is is that we have a cadre of things that work.\u00a0 But organizations need to be honest with themselves of where they are.\u00a0 So they need to assess where they are.\u00a0 And they need to basically say, “I need to basically improve in these two or three areas and make a commitment to do that.”\u00a0 Because you can reallocate existing resources if you have the heart and soul to basically do that.\u00a0 And that’s part of what we’ve learned through implementation.\u00a0 Leadership is critical, a vision on how your system could be different is critical.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 But the bottom line is that the guidelines are there.\u00a0 The assistance is there.\u00a0 There are people, there are organizations anywhere from the Office of Justice Programs to George Mason to [PH] PU to lots of other organizations.\u00a0 And there is a state of the art and we just need to do a better job in terms of implementing that state of the art.\u00a0 Don’t you think that’s the bottom line?<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 Yeah.\u00a0 I think the bottom line is the information is there.\u00a0 There are strategies.\u00a0 I think part of it is is people being convinced that this new body of information is worthwhile to their organization.\u00a0 And I think that \u2026 but the undercurrent here is \u2026 and I think this is what Joan was trying to talk about with overselling \u2026 is, is that just basically for example a lot of organizations have implemented a risk needs tool.\u00a0 But they’ve just taken a tool that someone else has done without really modifying it to their jurisdiction.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 To their particular needs.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 Yeah.\u00a0 And they’re not using the tool to be able to say, “Oh, these are pockets of offender types that we’re going to have to deal with.\u201d\u00a0 For example one of my bugaboos is we know we have a tremendous problem with DUI in this country.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Yes.\u00a0 Driving while intoxicated.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 Driving while intoxicated.\u00a0 Particularly people who are chronic.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Right.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 Now there are \u2026 and yeah, we don’t have definitive public policies to deal with this chronic driving while intoxicated offender.\u00a0 Yet there is technology out there, the interlock technology where you basically limit people’s access to their cars, reduces part of the crime right –<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Sure.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 – that jurisdictions can use.\u00a0 There are techniques that we can use to help people with alcohol problems including the use of medications.\u00a0 And so we have the technology but we just have to basically use these risk needs tools to identify who’s this population in my jurisdiction and what am I going to do?<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 We have less than a minute left in the program, Faye.\u00a0 But that’s one of the things that puzzles me is because you take a look in a straight technological intervention of ignition locks, where you can’t drive the car until you blow into the tube and prove that you’re sober.\u00a0 And yet these are things that just seem to take a little bit longer than I would like to see them catch on.\u00a0 We have technologies.\u00a0 We have best practices.\u00a0 We pretty much know what to do.\u00a0 I guess I express a little bit of frustration from time to time in terms of the length of time it takes to get these things going.\u00a0 We got about 30 seconds.<\/p>\n
Faye Taxman:\u00a0 Well so one thing we know about good ideas and moving them into a practice is it takes an average of 22 years.\u00a0 It’s a long time.\u00a0 So my advice to the public is and to folks who want to make improvements is we have to make a concerted effort to cut that time to get uptake.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Amen to that.\u00a0 Faye, you’ve got the final word.\u00a0 Ladies and gentlemen our guest today has been Professor Faye Taxman of the George Mason University.\u00a0 She’s written a book called Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices and she works down at the George Mason University for the Center of Advanced Practices.\u00a0 And the website down there is www.gmuace.org, www.gmuace.org.\u00a0 Ladies and gentlemen this is DC Public Safety.\u00a0 We appreciate all of your comments.\u00a0 We appreciate even your criticisms.\u00a0 Just contact me at my email address Leonard, L-E-O-N-A-R-D dot Sipes, S-I-P-E-S at csosa.gov.\u00a0 We’ll have the book and the website and the show notes today.\u00a0 And I want everybody to have themselves a very, very pleasant day.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
DC Public Safety Radio See radio show at\u00a0http:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/audio\/2012\/06\/advanced-practices-parole-probation-george-mason-university-dc-public-safety-radio\/\u00a0\u00a0. Http:\/\/media.csosa.gov Len Sipes:\u00a0 From the nation’s capital this is DC Public Safety.\u00a0 I’m your host Leonard Sipes.\u00a0 Today’s show is on advanced practices in parole and probation.\u00a0 Our guest is Professor Faye Taxman of the George Mason University.\u00a0 Faye created a document titled Advancing Practice.\u00a0 Advancing Practice […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[52,21],"tags":[282,145],"class_list":["post-914","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-parole-and-probation","category-whatworks","tag-parole-and-probation","tag-what-works","entry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pBoKk-eK","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/914","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=914"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/914\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":931,"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/914\/revisions\/931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=914"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=914"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=914"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}