http:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/audio\/2013\/12\/national-consensus-on-community-corrections-national-institute-of-corrections\/<\/a><\/p>\n[Audio Begins]<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 From the nation\u2019s capital, this is DC Public Safety. I\u2019m your host, Leonard Sipes. Ladies and gentlemen, the show topic today, a national consensus on community corrections. We\u2019re going to be talking about the Community Corrections Collaborative Network . We have two guests by our microphones. Gregory Crawford, he is a Corrections Program Specialist for the National Institute of Corrections. He\u2019s also the Network Manager for the Community Corrections Collaborative Network. And we have Spurgeon Kennedy, he is Vice President, National Association of Pretrial Services Agencies. He\u2019s also with Pretrial Services for the District of Colombia. Thanks to Donna Ledbetter of the National Institute of Corrections for setting up this show today. Our website\u2019s www.nicic.gov, that\u2019s for the National Institute of Corrections. I\u2019ll\u00a0 repeat that throughout the program. And for Spurgeon\u2019s organization, National Association of Pretrial Services, www.napsa.org. Gentlemen, welcome to DC public safety.<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 Thanks for having us, Len.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 All right, let me read very quickly the list of the very, very, very prestigious organizations in the corrections, Community Corrections Collaborative Network: The American Probation and Parole Association, the Association of Paroling Authorities International, the Federal Probation and Pretrial Officers Association, the International Community Corrections Association, the National Association of Pretrial Service Agencies and the National Association of Probation Executives. Now that is an extraordinarily large group, Greg. How, what\u2019s your role in getting everybody on board to form this national consensus for community corrections?<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 Well, they actually came to us. The Community Corrections Collaborative Network came together on a request from one of our members, and we brought all the main associations together representing probation, pretrial and parole, and over 42,000 members, to come together and collectively to speak with one voice.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Okay.<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 Our mission is to serve as the forum to develop and work the emerging issues, activities and goals of the community corrections field, and our vision is really to create a shared message and understanding about community corrections.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Is there a shared message about community corrections? I\u2019ve been in this business for a long time, and finding consensus between the organizations that we\u2019re talking about here and the different other organizations that are on the perimeter, such as PEW and lots of other organizations, Urban Institute comes to mind. I mean, everybody seems to have a different take on community corrections. What, you\u2019re telling me that what we\u2019re doing now is coming up with a national consensus, everybody pretty much agreeing to what it is community corrections could be doing, should be doing?<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 Absolutely, Len. I think the one thing that\u2019s becoming very clear is that mass incarceration is not working. As Attorney General Eric Holder stated earlier this year, it\u2019s both ineffective and unsustainable. Our prison population has grown about 300% since 1980 and I think it\u2019s time that we all come together to try and fix this problem.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Spurgeon, you know, the fast majority of people under correctional supervision are on community corrections. That\u2019s something that very few people know, that I think it is 7 million in terms of total population, within the country, and I think that 4 million are under community corrections supervision. I\u2019m not quite sure I have those figures correct, but I do know that the vast majority of people under correctional supervision in this country are not in prison, they\u2019re not in jail, they are with parole and probation agencies, they are with pretrial service agencies.<\/p>\n
Spurgeon Kennedy:\u00a0 That\u2019s true. If you look at the data that is available, about 7 out of 10 of defendants and defenders in our justice systems are under community corrections, not jails or prisons, but under the supervision of a pretrial program, a probation, a parole agency, a treatment provider in the community. That\u2019s a huge number. Unfortunately, most of the resources that go into our system still go into the correction side.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 I think 80% is it not?<\/p>\n
Spurgeon Kennedy:\u00a0 Yeah, we supervise 70% of the offenders and defendants; we get about 30% of the resources. It\u2019s a total imbalance.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Why is that?<\/p>\n
Spurgeon Kennedy:\u00a0 Well, we are still, unfortunately, living, as Greg mentioned, we\u2019re learning a lesson, and that is putting people in jails and prisons and leaving them there for long stretches doesn\u2019t make us safer. And unfortunately, we\u2019re on the tail end of that. But we are still seeing jail and prison being overused. And because of that, the resources to maintain a jail and prison are much more than it would take to operate a community corrections program. Our message, really, is simple. If you improve community corrections in this country, you improve public safety in this country. And as you mentioned, the consensus that we\u2019re seeing, not only with our associations, but with others, is that if you strengthen the organizations that provide most supervision, and if you change the way that people see corrections and corrections resources, you will go a long way to protecting America\u2019s communities and reducing recidivism.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 But how do we go about doing that? I mean, this is the condition. I came into the criminal justice system in 1969. I\u2019m sorry, yes, I am that old. I have been around for 42, 43 years. And the criminal justice system that I entered back in 1969 is essentially the criminal justice system that I see out there today in many, in many ways. I mean, parole and probation agencies have always been underfunded; the ratio between people under supervision and parole and probation agents has always been huge. There is never the training and the money and the emphasis is always going to law enforcement and it\u2019s always going to mainline correctional institutions. So the community corrections part of it, the pretrial part of it has gotten a, not a second look, but a third, fourth and fifth look. How are we going to change that?<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 Well, I think in order for it to work, we really need to adequately staff our local and state and tribal community corrections agencies. Probation officers, parole officers, pretrial officers, cannot be burdened with large case loads. Number one. Number two, I think that we need to, as a network, as individual associations, make sure that evidence based practices are available to the officers and you know, the newest technology and shift are funding to the community corrections rather than on building expensive prisons.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Is it our proposition, Spurgeon, that we are going to save states billions of dollars by doing a better job of successfully supervising people under, on community corrections, on pretrial supervision? That we\u2019re going to save, we have the potential of saving literally hundreds of thousands, if not millions of people, from being victimized by crime. So there is a huge payoff here. I mean, it\u2019s a huge payoff fiscally and it\u2019s a huge payoff criminologically. Yet, people don\u2019t seem to buy it. And that bothers me and it bothers all three of us at our microphones. Why is it that we cannot convince people to swing in our direction?<\/p>\n
Spurgeon Kennedy:\u00a0 Not sure if that\u2019s true. I think the public, when they are confronted with facts, when they understand what it is we do, and what we are trying to accomplish and certainly all of us are in the business of keeping America\u2019s communities as safe as we possibly can, there is a lot of community support on what it is we are putting out there. The public buys into the idea that supervision, that effective risk assessment, that placing people on supervision levels that makes sense according to their perceived risk, is the best way to move. In fact, they believe that we\u2019re doing this already in a lot of cases. So I don\u2019t think that we have to sell as much as we have to present, as Greg said, some effective strategies on how to improve community corrections across the country, but also to change the way that people in the system think about resource allocations and use. CCCN has come up with several paradigm shifts that we believe should\/have to occur before we can really get to the business of making community corrections better.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 And tell me about those paradigm shifts. Either one of you.<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 Well, number one, we\u2019re talking about shifting from a system that bases decisions solely on a defendant or a defender\u2019s charges to a system that considers the individual\u2019s risk level and treatment needs to determine sanctions, supervision level and intervention.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Okay, so we\u2019re going to evaluate every offender that comes into our custody in terms of their individual risk level and what their treatment needs are?<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 Absolutely.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 We\u2019re going to have an individual sense as to who that person really is?<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 One size doesn\u2019t fit all.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Okay.<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 And that\u2019s part of the problem with, you know, the mandatory, minimum sentencing.<\/p>\n
Spurgeon Kennedy:\u00a0 Exactly.<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 And so I think that if you can take an individual\u2019s full story into consideration, you know, we lock up a lot of folks that are non-violent and do not pose a risk to society and can be safely treated in the community, and I think that that is one of the biggest problems in the growing prison population. As I mentioned, you know, Bureau of Prisons is now at 132% capacity. We\u2019ve had a 300% increase in the prison population in the last 30, 33 years. I think we really need to take a look at going to a system, as I mentioned, shift to a system that considers individual risk into consideration.<\/p>\n
Spurgeon Kennedy:\u00a0 That\u2019s very important. Too many decisions in criminal justice now are being based on what you\u2019re charged with, not who you are, the risk that you present, and whether you\u2019re going to come back into the system. Moving from a charge base to a research driven decision based approach is essential here.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 All right, what\u2019s the next step?<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 Let the scientific data drive where we send people. Use validated risk assessments, you know, manage our resources, and you know, it doesn\u2019t make any sense to mix high risk with low risk. In fact, it actually, research indicates that if you put low risk individuals with high-risk individuals, you actually cause more harm than good. So I think it\u2019s really critical that we let science drive our decisions.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 All right, Spurgeon, what\u2019s the next one?<\/p>\n
Spurgeon Kennedy:\u00a0 Well, the other one, and it\u2019s not so much a resource or a recidivism based, but it\u2019s also just the fairness of the system. There are things, there are decisions made that are disparate. Racially disparate, disparities in incomes, the use of money, for example, in decisions, is one where great disparities racially and economically start to rear out. Not using evidence based research, but instead basing decisions on things such as charge. They build into disparities as well. One of the things that we really have to do and one of the focuses that we have as a network is making the system simply more fair and more just. The more you do that, I think, the better the returns you\u2019ll get.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 A hot topic throughout the country. Any more?<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 Yeah, I think another thing that we need to take a look at is limiting those folks and offenders who cannot be safely supervised in the community, and noting that there are alternatives to incarceration. Not just, you know, probation or pretrial or parole, there\u2019s, you know, alternatives to incarceration in the local community. Work crews, day reporting programs, all sorts of programs along those lines that save local jail beds, keep people employed, keep them paying taxes connected to their families. We don\u2019t need to make prison or jail the first option. I think that we need to look at other options for those that can be safely supervised in the community.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Next?<\/p>\n
Spurgeon Kennedy:\u00a0 Well, the big one, and the one that ties everything together, it\u2019s the improvement of community corrections programs across the country. We \u2013 the reason that my association, the National Association of Pretrial Services Agencies and the other involved in CCCN got together is because we believe that putting our voices together strengthens our central message. And that is, if we\u2019re going to use community corrections as a central way of providing services, support to defendants and defenders, and keeping our communities safe, and we are, with 70% of those persons under our supervision, you have got to improve the way that these programs operate. You have to reinforce evidence-based practices, both in risk assessment and supervision. You have to provide the resources necessary to effectively supervise defendants and defenders. As Greg mentioned, you have to make sure that caseloads are not so large that you can\u2019t do an effective job in keeping recidivism rates down. And you have to focus on what you want these agencies to accomplish. The biggest thing that CCCN really wants to do is to make sure that when it comes to discussions of resources and what is effective and what works, that community corrections programs aren\u2019t forgotten and certainly the emphasis is placed on making good programs even better.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 We\u2019ve got a minute before the break, before I reintroduce both of you. If we did all of this, gentlemen, if we did all of this, what would the impact be?<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 It would be huge, I think.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Talk to me about what would happen?<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 Well, I think, number one is you make your community stronger. You reduce victimization. You promote keeping families together. You promote, you know, right now we currently have a system set up that enables this cycle of incarceration to continue. You have one person, a parent, going into prison or jail, and that increases the likelihood, in and of itself, of the children in the family to become, have behavioral problems. And it\u2019s not a direct correlation, but it does increase the chance.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Okay, but sell this to the larger society. For the larger society, Gregory, you mentioned less crime.<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 Yeah.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Okay, for the larger society, Spurgeon, it means what?<\/p>\n
Spurgeon Kennedy:\u00a0 We know what causes recidivism. There is a bunch of research out there over the last decade or so that have identified the factors most associated with people coming back into the system. The one thing that we know doesn\u2019t reduce recidivism is locking you up and keeping you there until we\u2019re tired of seeing you and letting you out. The thing that works is supervision, services, and things that are based on risk and need. And you only get that from community corrections programs.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 But as Greg said, the impact could be huge, the potential could be huge in terms of saving tax paid dollars and in terms of saving victimization and creating a better system.<\/p>\n
Spurgeon Kennedy:\u00a0 Yeah, you get a smarter system, you get a system that hopefully costs you much less, and you get a system with the outcome, the expressed outcome of keeping communities safer. And if you follow what we know works, and if we\u2019re able to incorporate that into most community corrections programs out there, we think that\u2019s a much better result.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Ladies and gentlemen, we\u2019re talking about a national consensus on community corrections, we\u2019re talking about the Community Corrections Collaborative Network . Gregory Crawford is our guest today, he is a Corrections Program Specialist with the National Institute of Corrections. He\u2019s also the Network Manager for the Community Corrections Collaborative Network and also at our microphones is Spurgeon Kennedy. Spurgeon is Vice President, National Association of Pretrial Service Agencies, and I\u2019m proud to say, he\u2019s with a sister agency of mine here at Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency. He\u2019s with Pretrial Services for the District of Columbia. www.nicic.gov; www.nicic.gov for National Institute of Corrections, and www.napsa.org for the National Association of Pretrial Service Agencies.<\/p>\n
Okay, help me deal with this. In the law enforcement side, there are billions of dollars flowing towards law enforcement. And there are billions of dollars flowing towards correctional institutions, mainline correctional institutions. And I mentioned this and we can debate this, at the end of the system is us. We, in community corrections, and I believe that you\u2019re right, I believe that we can have an enormous impact in terms of saving states and the federal government millions, billions of dollars. We can really create a system with the fewer criminal victimizations, we can do it all the way across the board, but we\u2019ve been saying this now for the four decades that I\u2019ve been in the criminal justice system, and I don\u2019t see an enormous amount of change. The community corrections collaborative network, the idea of all these mainline community corrections organizations coming together with one voice, speaking in one voice, to me I think it\u2019s a fantastic idea. But what does it take to convince people that we are the real deal?<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 Well, I think, and one of the things that we\u2019re trying to do is build partnerships within the criminal justice community, and expand beyond just the CCCN and the six associations associated with the CCCN. You know? Reach out to the Bureau of Justice, reach out to folks like the PEW, reach out to the Urban Institute or the National Criminal Justice Association, and start building those, fostering those relationships and putting together our ideas and coming together with more than just one voice from the CCCN. A voice from the criminal justice community \u2013 and I think that that can make a difference.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 I think if a governor of a state, who is looking at his or her ratio between parole and probation agents and people under supervision, if he or she sees this long list of national organizations coming together with the National Institute of Corrections and they\u2019re making specific recommendations, I would imagine that the governor of that state\u2019s going to be impressed by that, but that\u2019s where the battle is fought, is it not? It\u2019s not with the organizations that already support these issues, it\u2019s not with PEW, it\u2019s not with Urban, it\u2019s within the general assemblies of the 50 states and the governor\u2019s mansions, correct?<\/p>\n
Spurgeon Kennedy:\u00a0 Yes. Absolutely right, and as we\u2019ve mentioned and as Greg put out, the paradigm shifts, the things that we have to do to change behaviors, not only within the community corrections and the corrections fields, but as you said, among people who have to open their pocketbooks and pay the criminal justice systems, that is really the big focus of CCCN. We want to be able to have a message that resonates with local policy makers, with state policy makers, with federal policy makers, and funders \u2013 so that they understand the importance of a well financed, well resourced community corrections component. We\u2019re new, and you know, that is something that we\u2019re just beginning to focus on. We\u2019ve had discussions with other partner agencies about it. We do want to put out an effective message that can be used across the country, and that\u2019s really going to be our focus, really, for the first few months.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 But you know, we\u2019re really different here in the District of Columbia. We have money for programs. And we have a lot of partner agencies in terms of mental health, in terms of substance abuse, in terms of employment. The average parole and probation agency in this country doesn\u2019t possess a dime for drug treatment, doesn\u2019t possess a dime for mental health treatment, doesn\u2019t possess a dime for vocational programs. That\u2019s always puzzled me. Because we know that these programs can have a significant impact in terms of recidivism, correct?<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 I think traditionally that\u2019s been the case, across the country. I think, however, though, I\u2019m hopeful, with the implementation of the Affordable Care Act that folks that come in the criminal justice system will have an opportunity to be linked to services and rehabbed through their medical benefits. We have about 10 million people that cycle through the local jail system each year. I would say 80, I think I heard about 80% of those do not have insurance, and I want Kennedy to talk here in a minute about pretrial, but I think that the impact of the Affordable Care Act will be huge for the criminal justice population.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 And the Second Chance Act. I mean, there are partners and they are beginning to thro money towards those of us in the criminal justice system to better handle the individuals that we have on day-to-day supervision. So changes seem to be coming. But they\u2019re at the federal level.<\/p>\n
Spurgeon Kennedy:\u00a0 Well, this is a watershed. I think it\u2019s a watershed not only for the federal level, but also for the local jurisdictions as well. As you mentioned, there are these tremendous potentials, with funding sources, that are dressed as reinvestment. The Affordable Care Act, the Second Chance Act, but there\u2019s also that intersection of knowledge \u2013 of the research built over the last decade that have shown that if you do these things, if you fund these things, these programs, these services, this is the expected benefit. We\u2019ve had money before, frankly. There have been times during the past decades when we\u2019ve thrown money into corrections and said, \u201cOkay, get better.\u201d We haven\u2019t really had the knowledge on what best to do with those resources. I think now we know more now than we ever have about what effective supervision, treatment and services are. And with that available money, especially the Affordable Care Act, we ought to be able now to target those services and those supervision types that are the most effective to reduce recidivism. To do that, though, we have to have a message that we are the professionals, we know how to take care of this population and we are the best, you know, use of your resources if you\u2019re point is to reduce future recidivism.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Is there a consensus building on all of this that\u2019s shifting towards the side of community corrections? Every program that I do, whether it\u2019s researchers or people from PEW or National Institute of Corrections or Urban Institute or Office and Justice Programs, there just seems to be an emerging consensus on the part of the academic community, the practitioner community, and now this league of organizations that you\u2019re talking about, and also folks within the national institute of corrections that this is changing, that this is swinging towards our side; that the evidence is building, that the state of the art is getting better, that we really do know what we\u2019re doing. We need to be given a green light. And through the Second Chance Act, and through the Affordable Care Act and through other programs, we are being given that green light at the federal level. Am I in the ballpark?<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 You are in the ballpark. I think at this point we just need an opportunity and that\u2019s what we\u2019re trying to do, is build these collaborative relationships with folks and be prepared throughout the system for when we can get the funding shifted to community corrections, because we really do need to build capacity in our community corrections system and we do need that opportunity because clearly, you know, with the overcrowding in prison and the fact that about 44% of those that release from prison are right back in there after about three years. You know? So I think we\u2019ve seen that it\u2019s not working.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 And there\u2019s data that\u2019s saying it\u2019s higher, up to 50%.<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 My numbers come from BJS, and so that to me speaks volumes.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Okay. I mean, you know, we\u2019re talking about two-thirds rearrested between, I\u2019m going to say between 40 and 50% re-incarcerated and I\u2019m going by BJS data and you know, we\u2019re talking about an enormous amount of people returning to the system. Well, then people would say one side of the continuum, people would say, \u201cWell, good. Bad guys are going back to prison.\u201d The other side is, is that it\u2019s busting the bank at the state level. It\u2019s certainly almost unsustainable at the federal level and it\u2019s doing very little in terms of keeping these people out of the criminal justice system when they are released.<\/p>\n
Spurgeon Kennedy:\u00a0 Yeah, definitely. And I\u2019ll give my, I\u2019ll give Washington DC as an example. It costs hundreds of dollars a day to keep a person in our local jail. It costs a fraction of that to have them on supervised release; either pretrial or probation or parole. The same is true across the country. Not only does it cost less money, you get a better result. If you look at recidivism and public safety as the outcomes you\u2019re trying to get here, you get those much more effectively with much less money, by using community corrections as your option. As Greg mentioned, we tried prisons for everybody, it didn\u2019t work. There\u2019s a huge rethinking now about the kind of offender who belongs in our jails and prisons. The move just to make that reserved for those who are truly violent and truly cannot benefit \u2026<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Right, and part of this is to build the capacity to make sure that prison beds are available for the truly violent and the truly dangerous. That\u2019s another big part of what it is that we\u2019re trying to do here, correct?<\/p>\n
Spurgeon Kennedy:\u00a0 But also to build capacity within community corrections so that those that you are no longer incarcerating have a place to go. And being able to say to your probation, parole, pretrial agencies, \u201cYou\u2019re adequately staffed, you\u2019re adequately resourced to handle the majority of defendants and defenders that are going to come through the system.\u201d<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 What do you think the message is going to be? I mean, look at me and think that I\u2019m the governor of Nebraska. What do you say to me? What\u2019s the sound bite?<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 Well, the elevator speech, I think.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 The elevator speech?<\/p>\n
Gregory Crawford:\u00a0 I think you have to look at the past and say, \u201cHey, this isn\u2019t working.\u201d But here\u2019s what will work: you know, if we can properly staff our local, state, tribal, you know, community corrections agencies, we can make a difference. We can reduce recidivism. We can make communities safer. I think if you take a look at the untold potential for all these folks that get shipped away to prison, you know, and come back out and within three years they recidivate, you know, clearly that system isn\u2019t working. So I think what we need to do is really come together and get these community corrections agencies properly staffed, but also inform the front end of the system. Because in my mind, that has the biggest potential to impact the entire criminal justice system and I really would like Kennedy to talk about what can be done in terms of the pretrial and the front end.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Kennedy, you\u2019ve got about 30 seconds.<\/p>\n
Spurgeon Kennedy:\u00a0 Okay. If you look at counties, and this is where the message resonates the loudest, and I think the strongest, most counties are going to have corrections as one of their top three costs. Most people in jail are pretrial defendants, awaiting trial. Most of those are low to medium risk defendants who could be safely released into the community. If you use community corrections resources more effectively and more efficiently at the pretrial stage, not only will you keep your public safe, but you would reduce the cost of corrections enormously. I think the local jurisdictions are the ones who really need to hear this message.<\/p>\n
Len Sipes:\u00a0 Our guests today have been Gregory Crawford, Correctional Programs Specialist with the National Institute of Corrections and network manager of the Community Corrections Collaborative Network. We\u2019ve had Spurgeon Kennedy, Vice President, National Association of Pretrial Service Agencies. The website for the National Institute of Corrections is www.nicic.gov. The website for the National Association of Pretrial Service Agencies is www.napsa.org. Ladies and gentlemen, this is DC Public Safety. We appreciate your comments, we even appreciate your criticism and we want everybody to have yourselves a very, very pleasant day.<\/p>\n
[Audio Ends]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Welcome to \u201cDC Public Safety\u201d \u2013 Radio and television shows, blog and transcripts on crime, criminal offenders and the criminal justice system. The portal site for \u201cDC Public Safety\u201d is http:\/\/media.csosa.gov. Radio Program available at http:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/audio\/2013\/12\/national-consensus-on-community-corrections-national-institute-of-corrections\/ [Audio Begins] Len Sipes:\u00a0 From the nation\u2019s capital, this is DC Public Safety. I\u2019m your host, Leonard Sipes. Ladies […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,54,15,52,18,21],"tags":[138,282,82],"class_list":["post-1103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-audiopodcast","category-corrections-prisons","category-interviewswithpolicymakers","category-parole-and-probation","category-reentry","category-whatworks","tag-community-corrections","tag-parole-and-probation","tag-pretrial","entry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pBoKk-hN","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1103"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1104,"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1103\/revisions\/1104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1103"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/media.csosa.gov\/podcast\/transcripts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}